Genital papillomatosis increases the risk of infection for both partners and complicates intimate life, and is often transmitted from woman to child during childbirth.
Reasons
The main reason for the formation of growths is HPV, which enters the body in different ways. It is introduced into the cells of the squamous epithelium and remains in them for a long time without manifesting. The patient may not know about such an infection until the preconditions for its reproduction and the appearance of neoplasms appear. When the body's immunity is reduced, growths often appear.
Experts identify factors that increase the risk of growth:
- frequent stress;
- nervous, physical fatigue;
- avitaminosis;
- reduced immunity;
- elderly patient;
- too many sexual partners;
- smoking, alcohol abuse;
- taking oral contraceptives for a long time.
The causes of papillomas can be hidden in endocrine disorders, pathologies of the digestive system, overweight. The incubation period lasts about a year and if the immune system works well, the infection may not manifest itself. HPV is often transmitted through contact with infected objects in everyday life when using ordinary towels, razors and towels. Infection can occur through sexual intercourse or from a woman to a child during childbirth.
Views
Dermatologists distinguish several types of papillomas:
- simpleThe neoplasm resembles a cauliflower or cockscomb, the surface of which resembles small papillae.
- Plantar. These accumulations cause slight discomfort.
- Apartment. The site of localization of such neoplasms is the epithelium of the cervix. Flat papillomas look like flat, itchy nodules.
- Filamentous. Such tumors are often found in patients over the age of 50, look like small nodules and do not cause severe symptoms.
- Sharpened. They resemble papillary formations that are localized as individual elements and merge into whole groups. In any case, genital warts are caused by certain types of virus that are transmitted during sexual intercourse. The place of formation of genital warts is the intimate area, groin, anus, perineum.
Angiopapilloma is an internal growth that is formed by connective tissue. It attaches to the vessel walls and is able to provoke the development of cancer.
Neoplasms in the visible areas of the body and in the intimate area often cause psychological discomfort and problems in sexual activity. The formation of uterine papilloma can end in cancer.
Kinds
There are several types of HPV, taking into account the possible occurrence of cancerous lesions on the skin and internal organs.
Squamous
The appearance of papilloma is due to the rapid growth of the squamous epithelium of the epidermis. In young people, this type of neoplasm can form in areas of the body that are too often injured.
Squamous cell papillomas are round tumors with a broad base and neoplasms with a thin stem. At the beginning of their development, they are motionless, colored in a light or brown tone. Constant trauma to such formations can provoke their inflammation, mutation of cells and their transformation into cancer begins. In the absence of effective treatment, there is a high risk of developing cancer.
Inverted
Inverted papillomas rarely occur on the body. The area of its appearance is the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Growth of neoplasms in the frontal and maxillary sinuses is possible.
A characteristic feature of the manifestation of papillomavirus is the unilateral lesion. It is possible the emergence of an inverted growth in the bone, which ends with a lesion of the palate, skull bones, nasal sinuses and orbital walls.
Inverted large papilloma causes nasal congestion, bleeding and nasal secretions. When the tumor grows to a large size, the facial skeleton deforms and shifts from the side of the affected organ of vision.
Localization
Skin papillomas can form in different areas of the body. The discomfort is caused by growths on the face, and when placed on the body, they are constantly injured by contact with clothing.
Experts have identified several sites where papillomas occur:
- Obesity area, armpits and lower abdomen with obesity. In the fairer sex, different types of neoplasms can be located under the breasts.
- The area of the neck, face, abdomen, back. On the face, the area of papillomas becomes mainly in the mouth, eyes, eyelids.
- The genitals. This area is often the site of genital warts.
- Internal organs. Neoplasms appear on the tissues of the intestine, stomach and bladder.
- Legs. Spinal warts often appear in this part of the body.
The place of appearance of viral neoplasms can be the oral mucosa, bladder, mammary glands, internal genitals.
Symptoms of education
When HPV is activated, neoplasms of various types appear on the skin. Their signs are similar to each other, but there are differences.
Warts
You can determine the formation of warts on the skin according to certain symptoms:
- the size of the tumor does not exceed 1 cm;
- the wart has clear external borders, inhomogeneous surface and density is felt on palpation;
- the color of the accumulation can be from light gray to black;
- the neoplasm has an irregular rounded shape.
The location of the growth is mostly open areas of the body and especially those that are constantly injured by something. Warts often appear on the hands, fingers, knees and head in the area of hair growth.
Papillomas
You can diagnose growth yourself if you know what the body of the papilloma looks like. They are skin growths with a rather thin stem or flat base. Infection most often occurs in public places with high humidity. It is in such an environment that it feels perfect and begins to multiply rapidly.
Patients need to know what papillomas look like on the body. The first sign of a tumor is a slight burning sensation, a slight tingling sensation in the epidermis. After some time, neoplasms appear in this area. Gradually they stretch and lengthen, their size increases to 1-1, 5 cm.
Often, skin papillomas form in elderly patients and begin to actively increase in size. The area where the growths are located are the chest, the groin area and the underarm area. They are flesh-colored or slightly yellowish. The presence of the virus in the female body significantly increases the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Warts
Genital warts are formed under the influence of certain types of HPV, which enter the bloodstream exclusively through sexual intercourse. Usually the area of the anus and external genitalia, rarely the oropharynx, becomes the focus of localization of growths.
Warts are papillary growths that form on different parts of the body. Individual elements often connect with each other and form a tumor that resembles the appearance of a rooster's comb.
Incubation period
The papilloma virus has a long incubation period that can last for many years. This means that it is quite difficult to determine the moment at which the infectious agent entered the body. The activity of the virus can increase under the influence of various factors that disrupt the functioning of the immune system.
Once inside the body, the virus enters the nuclei of the cells of the dermis and begins to multiply there rapidly. As the body's defenses decrease, small papillae begin to appear on the surface of the skin, involving several cells. They grow slowly and reach 10 cm.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of papilloma begins with an examination of the patient by an immunologist or dermatologist. The patient's medical history and symptoms are examined. Laboratory and instrumental tests help to identify the cause of neoplasms on the body.
The standard diagnostic program includes:
- general and biochemical blood test;
- PCR test;
- biopsy of the material.
Based on the results of the research, effective and safe methods of therapy are chosen.
Treatment
It is recommended that you start treatment for papillomas as soon as they are found. The choice of method depends on the area of localization of neoplasms, the reasons for their appearance, the form of HPV. How to quickly cure papilloma can be determined only by a specialist.
Cryocoagulation
In this method of therapy, neoplasms are removed with liquid nitrogen, which leads to freezing and death of water in the cells. Cryodestruction occurs only if the tumor is benign and free of cancer cells.
The procedure is considered painless, but if the skin is too sensitive, the introduction of novocaine is resorted to. After treating the skin with liquid nitrogen, they turn white and a small blister forms, inside which a transparent or pink liquid accumulates. When removing growths by freezing, unpleasant sensations in the form of a burning sensation may appear, but they gradually disappear. After cryodestruction, it is recommended to treat the epidermis with a solution of potassium permanganate or boric alcohol several times a day.
After a few days, the bladder bursts and a crust forms, which protects the wound from infection. Over time, it disappears and healthy skin remains under it.
Surgical method
Surgery to remove papillomas on the skin is considered the most radical method of removal, but is not used as often. Indications for surgery are large papillomas.
During the operation, the doctor cuts a small area of healthy tissue, which prevents the re-formation of the growth. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and lasts no more than 10-15 minutes. The patient does not feel pain, and after the end of the manipulation a suture is placed. The disadvantage of this method is considered to be a long period of wound healing, scarring, scarring on the body.
Laser removal
How the papilloma will be treated is decided by the doctor after examination of the patient. The most modern method of removing growths is considered to be laser treatment, before which an analysis is made to exclude cancer cells. The area of the body where the papilloma is located is anesthetized with lidocaine. It is then exposed to laser beams and completely removed. When treated in this way, the water evaporates into the damaged cells, they dry out and form a crust.
After some time the skin becomes red, swollen, but this reaction occurs after 2-3 days. The crust falls off on its own after 5-7 days and a soft pink skin appears instead.
Chemical attack
An effective way to combat the pathology is considered to be a chemical effect on papillomas. Removal of genital warts is performed with special preparations containing organic acids.
Using an applicator, they are applied to the surface of the formation and cauterized. Under the influence of chemicals, growth cells are destroyed and disappear.
Medication treatment
Drug treatment of papilloma includes:
- pills. Virus infection occurs due to reduced immunity, therefore the action of drugs is aimed at increasing the body's defenses. The patient is prescribed to take vitamins, immunomodulators, antivirals.
- Preparations for topical treatment. A good effect is the use of creams and ointments with antiviral action. For small tumors of the penis, gels and creams are chosen that stimulate the production of interferon. To remove growths, the doctor prescribes solutions with cauterizing properties.
Only a doctor can determine whether to remove papillomas in different parts of the body.
Immunomodulators
How to treat multiple papillomas on the body depends on their size and area of localization. The integrated approach includes treatment with immunomodulators, whose action activates the body's natural defenses.
There are several types of HPV, so such drugs should be selected by a specialist after immunological tests. In papillomas in women, it is recommended to pay special attention to natural immunomodulators, which help to restore immunity at the DNA level.
Self-erasure
Treating large papillomas at home can worsen a person's condition and cause the virus to spread throughout the body. The possibility of using means for self-removal of growths is determined by a dermatologist. This method of treatment is possible only in the absence of oncogenic factor and suspicion of malignancy.
Self-treatment of benign neoplasms involves the use of topical ointments, medications prescribed by a physician.
Traditional methods of treatment
In addition to the treatment regimen chosen by the doctor, it is allowed to use alternative methods of treatment. It is possible to stop the intensive growth of papillomas and provoke its destruction by smearing with the juice of celandine, dandelion or sour apple.
You can lubricate the neoplasm with fresh egg protein every day and wait for it to dry. After a while, the dry papilloma will fall off on its own. At the pharmacy you can buy a special adhesive tape that sticks for a long time and then the neoplasm is cleaned.
To remove the defect, it is recommended to cut a clove of garlic and rub the growth on the skin with it for several days.
Treatment with home and folk remedies is a long process. For greater effectiveness, it is recommended to combine with drugs that have antiviral effect.
Prevention
Prevention of human papillomavirus is possible by maintaining body hygiene, timely treatment of any injuries to the epidermis and their healing. To prevent infection, you should use personal care products.
Prevention of papillomas includes rejection of casual sex, adherence to a healthy lifestyle and boosting immunity. The virus is able to become a provoking factor for the formation of papilloma of the cervix and the development of cancer. Women should regularly visit a mammologist with a gynecologist, be sure to adhere to proper nutrition. What to do if a papilloma is found, it is recommended to ask your doctor and not to self-medicate.